文／管中祥
圖／本報資料照片
日前有週刊報導，包括銓敘部在內的59萬筆公務員個資被張貼在美國的論壇網站，外流的資訊涵蓋公務人員的身分證字號、姓名、手機電話、服務機關等內容。此事引起社會譁然，擔心除了政府官員的隱私外洩，恐怕連國安資料都可能遭到竊取。
不過行政院發言人谷辣斯．尤達卡（Kolas Yotaka）隨即表示，外洩原因是遭到木馬病毒攻擊，洩露的是「一般公務員個資」，並未危及國安人員或情治人員。
或許此事並未涉及國家安全，但政府官員的資料遭竊卻是事實，在網路時代，千萬不要以為只有政府官員資料會被外流，個人的隱私權遭到侵犯也經常可見。
●人肉搜索 已經觸犯隱私
例如，如果有天你發現同學遭人霸凌，你氣不過，希望給欺負他的「惡霸」一點教訓，於是你開始人肉搜索，並且把他的資料公開上網，希望鄉民公審，實踐鄉民正義。雖然你會因此覺得出了一口氣，但注意，你可能已經侵犯了別人的隱私權。
什麼是隱私權？簡單說，就是保障私人資料不被任意探尋或公布的權利。我國憲法雖然沒有對隱私權的直接條文，但大法官依據憲法第22條所作的解釋則將隱私權界定為「保障人民決定是否揭露其個人資料、及在何種範圍內、於何時、以何種方式、向何人揭露之決定權，並保障人民對其個人資料之使用有知悉與控制權及資料記載錯誤之更正權。」
在網路的世界裡，凡走過必留下痕跡，資訊取得格外容易，一個不小心，你會不經意的留下許多秘密，也會不自覺地轉傳別人的資訊，時時刻刻身處在洩露隱私的危機裡。
●駭進資料 也算觸犯隱私
不要任意「人肉蒐索」、不要駭進別人的資料，也不要隨便轉傳私人資訊，這都是防止自己不侵犯別人隱私最簡單的作法，也是保護自己不觸犯相關法律。
但，又該如何保障自己的隱私不被侵犯呢？
●網路上無祕密 PO網三思
首先，你要記得「網路上沒有永遠祕密」，你發過的文、留過的言、下載的影片、上傳的照片、瀏覽過的網站，都在網路上一點一滴地留下痕跡。無論有多少保護措施、多強的安全密碼，都有可能因各種莫明奇妙的理由洩露出去，甚至會依你拜訪過的網頁、發出的信件，計算你的使用習慣，投放屬於你的專屬廣告。因此，在網路執行任何指令前，都得先想一想：我真的要把這些資料貼在網路上嗎？
●App授權請求 要多了解
其次，許多的網路遊戲或者App都可能對你提出「授權請求」，希望你提供相關資料，此時，你得好好了解一下究竟希望你授權哪些東西；同樣的，加入任何網站或社群時，也要仔細看一下他們的「授權條款」，以及隱私權相關條約，確認哪些資料是你願意公開提供給這些網路公司，千萬別被賣了還幫人家數錢。
●沒加密的網路 盡量少用
最後，選擇比較安全的上網方式。例如，提高自己電腦的隱私權及防火牆設定級數，不讓別人輕易侵入你的電腦，同時也盡可能不要使用未加密的無線網路，或者下載來路不明的軟體，以及拜訪有安全警示的網頁。
雖然在網路世代處處都是洩露隱私的陷阱，要保護個人隱私並不容易，但即使如此，我們至少要做到不要侵犯別人的隱私，並且盡可能的提醒自己，不該上傳的資料，千萬不要上傳。
（作者為中正大學傳播學系副教授、台灣公民行動影音紀錄協會理事長。）
原文出自《好讀周報》522期
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